Which of the following actions reflects a breach of ethical standards in research?

Conducting research without informed consent is a clear breach of ethical standards because informed consent is a foundational principle in ethical research practices. It ensures that participants are fully aware of the nature of the research, the risks involved, and their right to withdraw without penalty. This principle is crucial in respecting the autonomy and rights of individuals involved in research. Without obtaining informed consent, researchers may inadvertently cause harm or violate participants' rights, leading to ethical concerns and potential legal ramifications.

The other options do not represent breaches of ethical research standards. Using existing unidentified specimens for study, when permitted by regulations and ethical guidelines, can often be acceptable, as long as the specimens are not traceable back to individual identifiers. Submitting a Corrective Action Plan is typically seen as a proactive step to address and rectify any ethical or compliance issues rather than a breach. Lastly, maintaining confidentiality of study participants is a critical ethical standard that protects individuals’ privacy and is an essential component of responsible research conduct.