Which act aimed to eliminate discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin in employment?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the key legislation designed to address and eliminate discrimination in various facets of life, including employment. This act specifically prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, making it a crucial piece of civil rights legislation in the United States. By establishing protections for individuals against unfair treatment in the workplace, it paved the way for greater equality and inclusivity in employment practices.

This act is a foundational element of labor law and has had a lasting impact on workplace environments, promoting fairness and equal opportunity. The other acts listed do not focus primarily on employment discrimination. For instance, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act deals more with the regulation of employee benefit plans. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act primarily focuses on protecting health information, while the Affordable Care Act is centered on healthcare access and affordability rather than employment discrimination. Therefore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 remains the correct response in this context.