What was a primary reason for the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

Enacting the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was primarily driven by the need to improve corporate governance and accountability in response to major accounting scandals in the early 2000s, such as Enron and WorldCom. These scandals highlighted severe deficiencies in financial reporting and auditing practices, leading to eroded trust among investors and the public.

The Act instituted stringent reforms aimed at increasing transparency in financial disclosures and establishing more rigorous internal controls to minimize fraudulent activities. It mandated that senior executives take personal responsibility for the accuracy of financial statements, thereby fostering a culture of accountability within corporations. Additionally, the creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) under the Act was a significant step toward ensuring the integrity of the audit process and protecting investors' interests.

The other options pertain to different aspects of regulation and compliance. Regulating pharmaceutical pricing, enhancing patient privacy laws, and establishing healthcare reimbursement standards involve legislative measures that fall outside the primary scope of Sarbanes-Oxley, which is specifically focused on corporate financial practices and governance rather than healthcare.