What type of audit should be conducted for historical data analysis?

The correct answer is a retrospective audit. This type of audit is specifically designed to assess data and practices from the past, allowing organizations to analyze historical data, procedures, and outcomes. Retrospective audits help in identifying trends, compliance gaps, and areas that may require improvement based on previously collected data.

In a retrospective audit, analysts look back at data that has already been recorded and assess how effectively the organization adhered to policies and regulations during that time. This can provide valuable insights into areas where practice may not have been optimal or where compliance issues may have arisen.

On the other hand, a probe audit typically focuses on specific transactions or areas of concern rather than a comprehensive historical overview. A continuous audit involves ongoing assessment and monitoring, which is not suited for analyzing historical data that has already occurred. Lastly, a pre-emptive audit, aimed at preventing future issues, does not analyze past data but looks forward to potential risks. Therefore, a retrospective audit is distinctly suited for the historical analysis of data and practices.