What does Attorney-Client Privilege protect?

Attorney-Client Privilege is a legal concept designed to protect the confidentiality of communications between a client and their attorney. This privilege applies to any disclosures made by the client to the attorney as well as the advice given by the attorney in response. The essence of this privilege is to foster open and honest communication between clients and their lawyers, allowing clients to disclose all relevant information without fear that it will be later used against them in legal proceedings.

This means that if a client shares sensitive information or seeks legal guidance, those communications are protected from disclosure in court. The privilege encourages clients to share all pertinent details, which enables attorneys to provide the best possible legal counsel. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses both the client's disclosures and the attorney's responses, emphasizing the two-way nature of the communications protected under this privilege.

The other options do not fully capture the scope of the privilege. For example, only focusing on the client’s advice to the attorney ignores the crucial aspect of the attorney's advice back to the client. Similarly, limiting the privilege to underlying facts or only documents created post-investigation misrepresents its comprehensive application to any relevant communication made in the ordinary course of seeking legal advice.